Which/ whichever与what /whatever在名词从句中做定语修饰n时有什么区别
I gave him what books I had.我把我所有些书都给他了。
Goats eat whatever food they can find.
We’ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table.
=We’ll eat at which restaurant has a free table.
是否whichever语气比which更强,而whatever跟what语义上有不同呢?
谢谢老师的回答!
1 网友的问题涉及所谓融合型关系分句(fused relatives)中,what/whatever, which/whichever 作为融合型关系限定词的使用方法。
2 依据Huddleston所著《剑桥英语语法》,which作为融合型关系词只能是关系限定词,
用于所谓的自由选择结构(free choice construction)中,此时which 为 whichever 的简略形式,在乎义上等同于 whichever。但除去自由选择结构外,则不可以用which,而要用whichever。因此有必要知道自由选择结构。下面用例句作以说明。
You can eat at which restaurant you like.
这个例句表示主句主语you可以自由选择在什么饭店吃饭。从句的谓语限于please,want, like, wish, choose等少数动词,且暗示这类动词后省略了不定式短语,如本句省略了to eat money I had. books I had. (正)
I gavehim what much money I had. (误)
I gave him what many books I had. (误)
6 whatever + 名词一直泛指的。what+名词则可能泛指,可能特指。比如:
He was pleased with what moneyI gave him. 特指。不可以用whatever。
I will give him what money I can get. 泛指,可改用whatever。
7
I gave him what books I had.特指,不适合改用whatever。
Goats eat whatever food they can find. 泛指,可改用what。
8 融合型关系限定词which和what有什么区别,与疑问限定词which和what有什么区别相同,即前者表示在肯定范围内选择,what则表示没范围限制。